E.04 · Efficiency · District heating networks
District Heating Networks — history to 5GDHC
From antique heat distribution to fifth-generation near-ambient bidirectional networks (5GDHC): generations 1–4, meshed topologies, and the strategic role of low-exergy heat & cooling grids.
District_Heating_Networks_History_5GDHC_Dossier · Updated Aug 2026 · EngEthics · E.04 companion to Union Centrale COP
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Contents
- 1. Executive summary
- 2. Historical origins
- 3. Generations 1GDH–5GDHC
- 4. Meshed topologies (maillage)
- 5. Thermodynamics & low-exergy
- 6. Global status, benefits & challenges
- 7. Prosumers & bidirectional grids
- 8. Conclusions & outlook
- 9. References & PDF
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2. Historical origins and early developments
3. Generations 1GDH → 5GDHC
3.1 1st Generation (1GDH) · ≈1880–1930
3.2 2nd Generation (2GDH) · ≈1930–1980
3.3 3rd Generation (3GDH) · ≈1980–2020
3.4 4th Generation (4GDH) · emerging ~2020
3.5 / 4. Fifth generation (5GDHC)
4. Network topologies & strategic meshing (maillage)
Why meshing matters
5. Thermodynamic foundations
Heat transport
Distribution losses
Heat-pump performance & pumping
6. Global status, benefits and challenges
7. Prosumers & bidirectional operation
8. Conclusions and outlook
9. Selected references & downloads
Present · DFKPS PDF · 5GDHC dossier E.04 Efficiency Hub section